Mahler's inequality

In mathematics, Mahler's inequality, named after Kurt Mahler, states that the geometric mean of the term-by-term sum of two finite sequences of positive numbers is greater than or equal to the sum of their two separate geometric means:

k = 1 n ( x k + y k ) 1 / n k = 1 n x k 1 / n + k = 1 n y k 1 / n {\displaystyle \prod _{k=1}^{n}(x_{k}+y_{k})^{1/n}\geq \prod _{k=1}^{n}x_{k}^{1/n}+\prod _{k=1}^{n}y_{k}^{1/n}}

when xk, yk > 0 for all k.

Proof

By the inequality of arithmetic and geometric means, we have:

k = 1 n ( x k x k + y k ) 1 / n 1 n k = 1 n x k x k + y k , {\displaystyle \prod _{k=1}^{n}\left({x_{k} \over x_{k}+y_{k}}\right)^{1/n}\leq {1 \over n}\sum _{k=1}^{n}{x_{k} \over x_{k}+y_{k}},}

and

k = 1 n ( y k x k + y k ) 1 / n 1 n k = 1 n y k x k + y k . {\displaystyle \prod _{k=1}^{n}\left({y_{k} \over x_{k}+y_{k}}\right)^{1/n}\leq {1 \over n}\sum _{k=1}^{n}{y_{k} \over x_{k}+y_{k}}.}

Hence,

k = 1 n ( x k x k + y k ) 1 / n + k = 1 n ( y k x k + y k ) 1 / n 1 n n = 1. {\displaystyle \prod _{k=1}^{n}\left({x_{k} \over x_{k}+y_{k}}\right)^{1/n}+\prod _{k=1}^{n}\left({y_{k} \over x_{k}+y_{k}}\right)^{1/n}\leq {1 \over n}n=1.}

Clearing denominators then gives the desired result.

See also

  • Minkowski inequality

References

  • Minkowski inequality in the Encyclopedia of Mathematics


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